F, G, H, I, J

The ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), belonging to the olive family, is an imposing and strong tree that can reach a height of 20 to 40 meters. The young branches are relatively thick, and the large, black velvet buds are particularly striking. These buds are opposite each other, which also applies to the leaf position. The leaves of the ash tree are a classic example of pinnately compound leaves. Each leaf consists of 9 to 13 almost sessile leaflets that are elongated to ovoid in shape, acuminate, and hairy on the underside of the midrib. The edge of the leaflets is finely serrated.

Asian pennywort also known as Gotu kola(Centella asiatica), is a plant that thrives in Southeast Asia and plays a central role in Ayurvedic medicine. Due to its diverse active substances, Asian pennywort is widely used in herbal medicine. It is known for supporting cognitive functions such as memory, concentration and learning, and it is also used to promote healthy blood circulation and vascular function.
Asian pennywort is a delicate plant with creeping stems and small, rounded leaves, often accompanied by white or pink flowers. The main bioactive compounds in Asian pennywort are triterpene glycosides, alkaloids and essential oils.

The shell of the black walnut (Juglans nigra) comes from the immature fruits of the black walnut tree (Juglans nigra).
Black walnut (Juglans nigra, also known as 'black nut') is a species of walnut that grows naturally only in the United States and Canada, hence the term American black walnut. Juglans nigra belongs to the walnut family.
The fruits are dark brown and have a strong odor distinct from European walnuts. In America, the use of black walnut has long been common among herbalists. It is often used in the form of an extract or tincture in herbal medicine, because this way the active substances are optimally preserved. The fruits are edible and contain polyphenols, tannins, juglon, tannins and omega fatty acids.

Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) is a type of brown algae belonging to the genus Fucus. It thrives along the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and in the North Sea and Baltic Sea, often found in kelp forests. This seaweed is characterized by air bladders that serve as a floating organ, although there are also variants without these bladders.
Like other brown algae, bladderwrack is rich in a specific class of polyphenols called phlorotannins, which possess powerful antioxidant properties. In addition, these phlorotannins have antibiotic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties.

The American witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) is a shrub belonging to the family Hamamelidaceae, native to North America from Nova Scotia to Minnesota, and from southern and central Florida to eastern Texas.
The shrub can reach a height of 6 to sometimes even 10 meters, with a bushy growth thanks to the many branches that arise just above the ground. The bark is light brown, smooth but somewhat flaky, and shows a reddish-purple color on the inside.
Blooming from September through October, the flowers of the American witch hazel display clusters of 4 stamens. They usually range from pale yellow to bright yellow, although orange or red hues also occur. The petals are ribbon-shaped and measure 10-20 mm in length.

The devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) gets its name from the claw-like spines that cover the fruits. The name is derived from the Greek word 'harpagos', meaning 'anchor', which refers to the shape of the plant. The plant grows mainly in the Kalahari Desert, which extends across parts of Namibia, Botswana and South Africa. A distant relative of the sesame plant, the devil's claw blooms with beautiful red to purple trumpet-shaped flowers. The medicinal properties of devil's claw are located underground, in the tubers and roots. The plant is known for its beneficial effect on digestion and promoting flexible joints.

The Elecampane (Inula helenium) is a perennial plant that belongs to the composite family (Compositae or Asteraceae). This plant is naturally found in Western and Central Asia and has been known for its culinary and medicinal uses since ancient times.
The ancient Greeks called the plant helenion, which means "the radiant, the splendid." This name is related to hèlios, which means "sun". There are several myths surrounding the naming. The Romans adopted the Greek name and called the plant inula. When Linnaeus introduced the scientific Latin name Inula helenium in 1753, he combined the Roman genus name with the Greek specific name.

The large yellow gentian, also known as Gentiana lutea, is a perennial plant belonging to the gentian family (Gentianaceae). This plant naturally occurs in European mountains, mainly at altitudes up to 2200 meters.
In ancient times, yellow gentian was used as a medicine against various ailments, including fever, gout, hypochondria, malaria, intestinal parasites and even alcoholism. Today the plant is mainly used for its bitter properties, such as stimulating the appetite, and as an ingredient in liqueurs, such as gentian liqueur.

Maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba), also known as the Japanese Temple Tree, has been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for centuries. Ginkgo biloba is used to improve blood circulation, promote concentration and support memory. The main components of ginkgo biloba are (bio)flavonoids (flavonglycosides), bilobalides and ginkgolides (terpene lactones).
It is a unique deciduous tree that is considered a species with no direct family ties. Charles Darwin called the ginkgo biloba a 'living fossil' because it has been around for about two hundred and fifty million years. Ginkgo originally comes from China.

Panax Ginseng is a plant with a slow-growing, sturdy root. Panax Ginseng is considered one of the most important medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. In fact, it is even the world's most famous herb. Panax ginseng has been used for more than 5,000 years to optimize human health and well-being in Asia. In the world of Chinese ethnopharmacology, it has been used for more than 3,000 years.
Panax takes its name from the Greek word “panacea”, which means “all-healer”. Gingsen is currently the world's most popular and most powerful adaptogenic herb. Adaptogenic herbs help the body to deal with stress in a natural way and achieve a homeostatic balance between body and mind. 

The Hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is traditionally used in hot and cold drinks, as a flavoring and coloring agent in the food industry, and as a herbal remedy for its ability to reduce fatigue and promote cardiovascular health.
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is an annual shrub that can grow more than two meters high. The shrub usually has smooth, red stems and cream or pale yellow flowers that turn pink when they wilt at the end of the day. At that time, a characteristic red calyx grows, which is fleshy, crispy and juicy. This calyx turns brown and bursts open when it is dry and grown. The calyx, stems and leaves have a sour taste reminiscent of cranberries.

Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is an herb with valuable essential oils.
This striking shrub reaches a height of 30 to 60 cm and has a woody base with ascending branches. The dark green lanceolate leaves are about 2 to 2.5 cm long. During the flowering period, from July to September, hyssop produces small blue/lilac-like lipped flowers that grow in whorls, although some specimens may be white or pink.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum, also known as 'jiaogulan', is a climbing plant naturally occurring in Japan, southeastern China and Thailand. In the Netherlands this plant is known as 'immortality herb' or 'eternal life herb'. It has a prominent place in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Rich in antioxidants, this herb supports normal liver function and helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels. It also has benefits for the heart, blood vessels and cholesterol levels.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a versatile herb that plays an important role in Ayurvedic medicine. It is known for its beneficial effects on digestion and maintaining flexible joints, while also soothing the respiratory tract.
This plant is grown in various parts of the world, including Europe, Asia and the Middle East. It is a hardy plant that even thrives in the Netherlands. However, it takes three to four years before the roots can be harvested.
In addition to the roots, the leaves can also be used, for example to make tea. Licorice is widely used in foods and pharmaceuticals because of its sweet taste and other ingredients.

The meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) is a perennial plant belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae). It is an erect plant that can reach a height of 0.6 to 2 meters. The flowers of the meadowsweet are numerous and cream-colored, with a width of 0.4 to 1 cm and each consisting of five petals, which have a strong almond scent. The leaves are pinnately compound, with a large top leaflet that is palmately split.
In the past, meadowsweet was used as a remedy for biliary and kidney diseases, as well as for gout and nerve pain. The dried leaves and flowers were used to make tea, which was given for fever. 

Smooth rupturewort (Herniaria glabra) is a rare plant from the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae), which occurs as an annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plant. It blooms from June to October.
Originally, the plant was used to treat hernias. It was also used against dropsy and to stimulate the kidneys.

St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) has had a positive reputation in European herbal medicine for centuries. It can be used to support both moments of depression and cheerfulness, and it promotes a good night's sleep. In addition, St. John's wort is beneficial for bile function and contributes to healthy digestion, thanks to the presence of bioflavonoids, tannins and essential oils.
The use of St. John's wort dates back to the times of the Ancient Greeks and is traditionally harvested between June 21 and 24, on the occasion of the Feast of St. John, in both pagan and Christian traditions.

The Juglans regia, also known as walnut, walnut or walnut, belongs to the walnut family (Juglandaceae). This species is also known as common walnut or Persian walnut, to avoid confusion with the genus Juglans. Other species in the genus Juglans include the white walnut and the black walnut.
This deciduous tree can reach a height of up to 30 meters with a crown that can be more than 10 meters wide. The leaves are odd-pinnate and can be 25-40 cm long, consisting of five to nine leaflets per compound leaf. The three largest leaflets are located at the end of the leaf and measure 10-18 cm long and 6-8 cm wide. The leaflets at the base of the leaf are smaller, usually 5-8 cm long.

The American witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) is a shrub belonging to the family Hamamelidaceae, native to North America from Nova Scotia to Minnesota, and from southern and central Florida to eastern Texas.
The shrub can reach a height of 6 to sometimes even 10 meters, with a bushy growth thanks to the many branches that arise just above the ground. The bark is light brown, smooth but somewhat flaky, and shows a reddish-purple color on the inside.
Blooming from September through October, the flowers of the American witch hazel display clusters of 4 stamens. They usually range from pale yellow to bright yellow, although orange or red hues also occur. The petals are ribbon-shaped and measure 10-20 mm in length.

Woddruff Sweet (Galium aparine) belongs to the star-leaved family (Rubiaceae). This plant is known for its ability to cling to objects it comes into contact with, thanks to the numerous hooks on both the stem and fruits. This causes plants and fruits to get caught in the fur of animals, resulting in widespread dispersal over great distances.
Cleaver leaves are widest above the middle and have one central vein. They grow together in whorls of seven. These leaves also have hooks, albeit less than the rest of the plant. The stem is thickened at the tips.